Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infectious disease that affects the nervous system and is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The disease rarely occurs in dogs, is not contagious, but can be fatal if not treated promptly.

In comparison to humans, dogs require 600 times the amount of toxin to exhibit comparable clinical changes. Infection routes can include simple injuries such as claw tears or gum wounds. The spores of the bacterium are widely distributed in the environment and highly resistant. After entering the body, the bacteria multiply in oxygen-poor conditions and produce toxins that damage the nervous system and lead to muscle spasms. The incubation period is five to nine days.

Tetanus causes increased sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, due to the toxin affecting the nervous system and involving the eye muscles. Early on, tetanus can be difficult to distinguish from other infections as it leads to flu-like symptoms such as general discomfort, startle responses, and muscle spasms. Muscle spasms are an initial indication of tetanus. Later, a stiff gait, muscle contractions, and even breathing problems can occur, necessitating lifelong artificial nutrition and infusions.

People and animals who have had tetanus do not develop immunity to it and can become infected again. Currently, there is no approved tetanus vaccine for dogs. Although vaccines for other animal species could be repurposed and used, this is only limitedly recommended due to potential side effects. Therefore, proper wound care is crucial for tetanus prophylaxis in dogs. Wounds must be promptly cleaned, disinfected, and dressed.

The full article with detailed information and case examples can be found on the following page:

https://www.belgian-shepherd.de/blog-e44838-Tetanus-Wundstarrkrampf.html